Nuclear magnetic resonance experiments were performed using an ECA500 (JEOL, Ltd.). Mass spectra were measured using an Agilent LC-MS 6100 (Agilent Technologies, Inc.). Thin-layer chromatography analysis was performed using Kieselgel 60 F254 plates (Merck KGaA). The compound was visualized by dipping the plates into 10% (v/v) H2SO4 (Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA) and then heating at 300˚C for 30 sec using a 230-400 mesh silica gel (Merck KGaA), sephadex LH-20 (GE Healthcare) and ODS-A silica gel (YMC, Co.) resins were used for open column chromatography. Lupinalbin A was isolated from A. americana tubers, as described previously (Fig. 1) (19 (link)).