For ChIP assays, K562 cells were fixed with 1% (vol/vol) formaldehyde for 10 min at room temperature. ChIP assays were performed using the EZ-Magna ChIP A/G Kit (Millipore). Anti-Bmi1 antibody (Active Motif, AF27), Anti-Ring1b antibody (MBL International, D139-3), Anti-H3K9Ac antibody (Millipore, 07-942), Anti-H3K4me3 antibody (Millipore, 07-473), anti-H3K27me3 antibody (Millipore, 07-449), Anti-H2AK119ub1 antibody (Cell Signaling, D27C4) and normal mouse IgG were used for immunoprecipitation. ChIP DNA was then subjected to real-time PCR analysis using primers targeting different region of ribosomal protein gene promoters [23 (link)-24 (link)].