Wheat Cultivar Analysis with ANOVA

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the GI values of 326 winter wheat cultivars over three years was performed using the PROC GLM program in the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software 22.0 (International Business Machines Corporation, Armonk, New York, USA) [34 (link)]. Phenotypic comparison between white-grained and red-grained wheats, and differences of PHS resistance between contrasting alleles of each gene were determined by the t-test in SPSS software 22.0. Multiple comparisons (PROC GLM) for the GI values of wheat cultivars from different wheat zones or provinces and phenotypic differences among haplotypes or allelic combinations (ACs) were performed using Tukey–Kramer at P < 0.05 in SPSS software 22. The broad-sense heritability (h²) and correlation coefficients between years were estimated according to the method described by Li et al. [35 (link)].