ON-TARGET plus SMART Pool Human Beclin1 siRNA (L-010552-00) and human KOR siRNA (L-005684-00) were used as per the manufacturer's instructions. Transfections were carried out as previously described.41 (link) Scrambled siRNA was used as a negative control. The reduction in Beclin1 and KOR mRNA expression were estimated by real-time PCR analysis. Caspase-3/7 activity was analyzed using Caspase-Glo luminescent-based assays according to the manufacturer's instructions (Promega Corporation).