Cell lysates were prepared from cell lines using a RIPA Lysis and Extraction Buffer kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and the procedure was performed as described previously.22 (link) Primary antibodies against target proteins, such as TRIM59, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), cyclin D1, phosphorylated p38 (p-p38), p38, p-JNK1/2, JNK1/2, p-ERK1/2, ERK1/2, p-c-JUN, c-JUN, and β-actin (Cell Signaling Technology), were diluted between 1:500 and 1:2000, and secondary antibodies (Beyotime Biotechnology, Shanghai, China) were diluted 1:1000.