The identification of the mineral phase was performed by XRD. The identification of the pulverized minerals was carried out with the Diffract.Eva v.7 software (Bruker, Bremen, Germany) and the PDF2 mineral database (https://www.icdd.com/, accessed on 26 July 2023) [54 (link)].
Concentrations of ions in volcanic rock samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) on a Perkin Elmer ELAN9000 ICP-MS quadrupole spectrometer, as in [42 (link)]. Values > 10 ppm were considered for the statistical tests.
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