Virus Extraction and Concentration Protocol

Before the experiment, the equipment is wiped and operating table surface with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution (Abd-Elmaksoud et al., 2014 (link)), and then wipe with water after 15 min. Use a peristaltic pump (YZ1515X; Runze, Shenzhen City, China) to extract the seeded virus water from the container and filter it through a glass wool filter element at different speeds, and let the peristaltic pump continue to work for 3 min after all the water has been filtered. Soak the glass wool filter element with 75 ml of 3% beef extract buffer (B8570; Solarbio, Beijing, China) solution containing 0.5 M glycine (1275KG2P5; BioFroxx, Hangzhou, China) and pH 9.0 for 20 min, then wash with 75 ml of beef extract buffer solution again. Collect the total 150 ml buffer solution in a clean container, adjust the eluent pH to neutral with 1M hydrochloric acid, and store at 4 °C; if over 48 h, it must be stored at −20 °C or lower temperature.