The following criteria were included to recruit the participants from Cairo University Hospital's outpatient clinic in Egypt by the research team members: both genders, physically inactive participants (based on the Physical Activity Questionnaire)16 (link), between the ages of 60 and 75 years old, and body mass index (BMI) of 30–39.9 kg/m2.
While the following were the exclusion criteria: smoking, diabetes, consuming alcohol, uncontrolled hypertensive, cardiac arrythmias, heart failure, participated in a diet program for minimum six months prior to the study, taking blood clotting or body weight-regulating medications, recent illness, cognitive impairment, malignancy diseases, donating blood, or participated in any other research during the 90 days prior to the current study.
Patients with muscle weakness or strain, osteoarthritis, bone fracture, renal and hepatic failure, chest infections, and hyper/hypothyroidism were also eliminated. Under the direction of a qualified physician, the participants were following their prescribed medications (Angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE inhibitors) so long as they didn't affect the findings.
The eligible participants were allocated into two groups equally at random: the experimental group, which engaged in an aerobic training as well as received laser phototherapy through a laser watch, and the control group (performed only the exactly prescribed exercise training program). (Fig.1 ).![]()
While the following were the exclusion criteria: smoking, diabetes, consuming alcohol, uncontrolled hypertensive, cardiac arrythmias, heart failure, participated in a diet program for minimum six months prior to the study, taking blood clotting or body weight-regulating medications, recent illness, cognitive impairment, malignancy diseases, donating blood, or participated in any other research during the 90 days prior to the current study.
Patients with muscle weakness or strain, osteoarthritis, bone fracture, renal and hepatic failure, chest infections, and hyper/hypothyroidism were also eliminated. Under the direction of a qualified physician, the participants were following their prescribed medications (Angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE inhibitors) so long as they didn't affect the findings.
The eligible participants were allocated into two groups equally at random: the experimental group, which engaged in an aerobic training as well as received laser phototherapy through a laser watch, and the control group (performed only the exactly prescribed exercise training program). (Fig.
Consort diagram of the present study.
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