RPPA analysis and antibody validation were performed as previously described (31 (link)). Briefly, protein lysate was collected from subconfluent HNSCC cell cultures after 24 hours in full-serum medium (10% FBS). Protein lysates were adjusted to a 1-μg/μL concentration, and a serial dilution of 5 concentrations was printed, with 10% of the samples replicated for quality control (2470 Arrayer; Aushon Biosystems, Burlington, MA) on nitrocellulose-coated slides (Grace Bio-Labs, Bend, OR). Immunostaining was performed using a DakoCytomation-catalyzed system and diaminobenzidine colorimetric reaction. Spot intensities were analyzed and quantified using MicroVigene software (VigeneTech Inc., Carlisle, MA) to generate spot signal intensities.