Evans blue-albumin tracing for pulmonary transvascular permeability was conducted as previously described [3 (link)]. The right jugular vein of ketamine-xylazine anesthetized mice was injected with 8 µl/g body weight Evans Blue–albumin (40 mg/ml BSA containing 1% Evans blue dye, Sigma) and left to circulate for 45 min. A 2-min PBS perfusion into the right ventricle was used to wash out the intravascular Evans Blue. Lungs were excised, homogenized in PBS (1 ml), and extracted using formamide (2 ml) at 60°C overnight. A Shimadzu 1650 PC UV-vis spectrophotometer (Kyoto, Japan) was used to measure Evans Blue content at OD620 and normalized against body weight.