LPS was extracted from A. xylosoxidans using an LPS extraction kit from Intron Biotechnology (17144; Boca Scientific, Boca Raton, FL, USA), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A control containing LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4, purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. (L2630; Sigma, USA), was used as the negative control to ensure that any effect was specific to A. xylosoxidans LPS. Phage inactivation by LPS was tested as previously described24 (link).
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