The soft–shell turtle was purchased from a local farmer in Japan, and the green sea turtle was provided by the Genome 10K Project (originally collected in Ocean Park, Hong Kong). Genomic DNA was extracted from the whole blood of a female individual in each species, and we constructed a total of 18 (for the soft–shell turtle) and 17 (for the green sea turtle) libraries consisting of short–insert (170–bp, 500–bp and 800–bp) and long–insert (2–kb, 5–kb, 10–kb, 20–kb and 40–kb) libraries. Sequencing was performed using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 system, and read error correction was performed for the short–insert libraries (on the basis of the K–mer frequency distribution curve; Supplementary Note). Data accession numbers are given in Supplementary Table 34.