Electrically Stimulated Right Atrium Samples

Right atrium (RA) samples were obtained from patients undergoing open-heart surgery with coronary artery bypass grafts and electrically stimulated in organ baths as described previously (Gergs et al., 2008 (link); Gergs et al., 2013 (link); Gergs et al., 2018 (link)). Patients were treated with the following drugs: acetyl salicylic acid (ASS), clopidogrel, bisoprolol, thyroxine, atorvastatin, pantoprazole, olmersartan, amlodipine, frusemide, metformin, rivaroxaban, ipratropiumbromide, fenoterol, simvastatin, torasemide, esomeprazole, flucatison, salmeterol, ramipril, and hydrochlorothiazide. Patients were in CCS (Canadian Cardiovascular Society, angina classification) scale from III to IV and NYHA (New York Heart Association, heart failure classification) class II–III. Left ventricular ejection fraction ranged from 40 to 55%. This study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the local ethics committee (hm-bü 04.08.2005). All patients gave informed consent.

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Boknik P., Drzewiecki K., Eskandar J., Gergs U., Hofmann B., Treede H., Grote-Wessels S., Fabritz L., Kirchhof P., Fortmüller L., Müller F.U., Schmitz W., Zimmermann N., Kirchhefer U, & Neumann J. (2019). Evidence for Arrhythmogenic Effects of A2A-Adenosine Receptors. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 10, 1051.

Publication 2019

Acetyl salicylic acid Amlodipine Angina Atorvastatin Baths Bisoprolol Cardiovascular Clopidogrel Coronary artery bypass grafts surgery Drugs Electrically Esomeprazole Fenoterol Frusemide Heart Heart failure Hydrochlorothiazide Local ethics committee Metformin Pantoprazole Patients Ramipril Right atrium Rivaroxaban Salmeterol Simvastatin Thyroxine Torasemide Ventricular ejection fraction

Corresponding Organization : Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg

Other organizations : University of Münster, University Hospital Münster, University of Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Sandwell & West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices

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Variable analysis

independent variables

Electrical stimulation of right atrium (RA) samples

dependent variables

Contractile response of RA samples

control variables

Patients were treated with various drugs (acetyl salicylic acid, clopidogrel, bisoprolol, etc.)
Patients were in CCS scale from III to IV and NYHA class II–III
Left ventricular ejection fraction ranged from 40 to 55%

controls

Positive control: None specified
Negative control: None specified

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