Cytokine and chemokine responses of PBMCs, SkMCs, HMEC-1, and HFFs were measured using methods previously reported by us19 (link),36 (link),37 (link) with the following Milliplex kits: HCYTMAG-60K-PX41, HCYPMAG-63K, and HCYP2MAG-62K (EMD Millipore, Billerica MA). Cells were seeded at a density of 105 cells per well. Cells were either stimulated for 16 h with graded concentrations of TLR ligands, or mock-stimulated with vehicle (DMSO). Supernatants were collected by Precision 2000 liquid handlers (BioTek, Winooski, VT) and diluted 1:3 for each kit. The data was acquired on a MagPix® instrument and the data analyzed using Milliplex Analyst (EMD Millipore, Billerica MA).