The HAuCl4·3H2O, KNO3, cysteamine hydrochloride (Cys), glutaric dialdehyde (Glu), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and sodium citrate were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. Recombinant Hemagglutinin-Influenza A Virus H1N1 California 04/2009 was purchased from Prospec-Tany TechnoGene Co., Ltd (Ness-Ziona, Israel). H1N1 Hemagglutinin 1 was purchased from Beijing Bioss Co., Ltd. Ethyl alcohol was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. The Ag/AgCl Carbon Paper (CP) and Pt electrodes were purchased from Tianjin Lanlike Chemical Electronic High Technology Co., LTD. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA.
Electrochemical measurements were conducted at an ambient temperature using a CHI 660E electrochemical workstation (CH Instruments, Inc., USA). Deionized water (~18.0 MΩ) was obtained from a Millipore system.
All synthetic materials and electrodes were characterized using the following tools: scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed using a Nova Nano SEM 430 scanning electron microscope.
Electrochemical measurements were conducted at an ambient temperature using a CHI 660E electrochemical workstation (CH Instruments, Inc., USA). Deionized water (~18.0 MΩ) was obtained from a Millipore system.
All synthetic materials and electrodes were characterized using the following tools: scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed using a Nova Nano SEM 430 scanning electron microscope.
