Western blot analyses were performed on L4/5 spinal ipsilateral dorsal quadrants, as previously described.23 (link),26 (link) Primary antibodies and dilution ratios used were: rabbit P2X4R 1:400 (Alomone Labs, Jerusalem, Israel), rabbit p38 1:1000 (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA), rabbit phospho-p38 1:1000 (Cell Signaling), rabbit p65/NFκB 1:500 (Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA), rabbit NLRP3 1:500 (LifeSpan Biosciences, Seattle, WA), guinea pig GLT-1 1:5000 (Merck Millipore), goat Iba1 1:1000 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA), rabbit CD11b 1:500 (Abcam), rabbit ATF3 1:1000 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX). Mouse β actin 1:100,000 (Sigma) was used against loading control protein. Secondary antibodies used were: Goat anti-mouse IRDye 680RD 1:15,000 (LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE), goat anti-rabbit IRDye 800CW 1:15,000 (LI-COR Biosciences), donkey anti-guinea pig IRDye 800CW 1:15,000 (LI-COR Biosciences), and donkey anti-goat IRDye 800CW 1:15,000 (LI-COR Biosciences). Bands were quantified using Image Studio (LI-COR Biosciences).