The procedure of the xCELLigence RTCA-DP system (Roche) was previously described31 (link)70 (link). Briefly, 2 × 104 of each of serum-starved A549luc stable cell lines were suspended in 100 μl of serum-free medium, and then the cell suspension was added into the pre-equilibrated upper chamber of the CIM plate. The complete medium was added to the bottom-well of the plate, and a FBS-free medium was used as control. The plate was then inserted into the RTCA machine (housed within the incubator) and cell index values were detected every 15 min over the following procedure. The slopes of the curves at indicated time points were calculated using the RTCA software v1.2 (Roche Applied Science).
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