Plasma concentrations of triglycerides (Sigma) and non-esterified fatty acid (Wako Diagnostics) were measured using commercial assay kits. Liver triglyceride was extracted and measured as previously described 58 (link). Body fat and lean mass were measured using an NMR analyzer (Minispec LF90II, Bruker Optics). For liver lipid analysis, lipids were extracted by the method of Bligh-Dyer in the presence of an internal standard (T21:0 TAG, 10 nmol/mg protein) and separated on silica gel 60-Å plates that were developed with a nonpolar acidic mobile phase (70:30:1, v/v/v, hexane/ethyl ether/acetic acid). Briefly, spots corresponding to TAG were visualized with 0.01% rhodamine 6G and identified with TAG standard. The bands were scraped, extracted, and treated with acidic methanol. Quantitative GC analysis of resulting FA methyl esters was conducted (Hewlett-Packard 5890 GC; Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, CA, USA) with a 30-m×0.32 mm Omegawax 250 column (Sigma) coupled with a flame ionization detector.