Colonic tissues were fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde. After removal of excess fixative with PBS, samples were fixed with 1% osmic acid at 20 °C for 2 h, dehydrated in acetone, and then infiltrated with acetone and epoxy. Epoxy resin-embedded tissues were sectioned (80 nm in thickness), stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and finally viewed under a transmission electron microscope (FEI, Hillsboro, America).
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