Western blotting was carried out as described previously 15 (link), 21 (link), 22 (link). Anti-Bcl-2, anti-Mcl-1, anti-PARP1, anti-cytochrome C, anti-ERK, anti-p-ERK, anti-Bim, anti-TSHR, anti-HK2, anti-Bax, anti-cyclin D1, and anti-GAPDH antibodies were purchased from ProteinTech (Chicago, IL, USA); anti-GLUT1 (NB110-39113SS) antibody was acquired from Novusbio. Anti-Beclin1 (#3738), anti-p62 (#8025), anti-p27 Kip1 (#3688), anti-Bcl-xl (#2764), anti-LC3A/B (#12741), anti-Caspase-3 (#9662), anti- Caspase-9 (#9502), anti-Caspase-8 (#9746) antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. For immunoprecipitation, cells were treated for 24 hours with Vemurafenib before harvesting. NP40 lysates and BRAF immunoprecipitates were prepared according to the previous publication using rabbit anti-BRAF antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-5284) and analyzed by immunoblot using mouse anti-CRAF antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-227) or inversely 23 (link).