For clinical assessment of visuospatial and executive function, the MoCA Vis/Ex was used [31 (link)]. The MoCA Vis/Ex consists of three tasks: the Trail Making B task, the three-dimensional cube copying task and the clock-drawing task [maximum score 5, a lower score indicating a higher degree of impairment] [31 (link)].
To assess rated executive function, the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX), included in the Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) test battery, was used [32 (link)]. The DEX contains 20 items evaluating daily executive problems of patients with brain damage in their everyday routine [scored on a 5-point scale from “Never” to “Very often”, total score 0–80 points, a higher score indicating a higher level of executive dysfunction] [32 (link)]. In the present study, the scoring was made by a family member or close friend, since the assessor had no previous knowledge of the participants. Thus, the DEX ratings made by the significant other are henceforth defined DEX-SO.
To assess rated executive function, the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX), included in the Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) test battery, was used [32 (link)]. The DEX contains 20 items evaluating daily executive problems of patients with brain damage in their everyday routine [scored on a 5-point scale from “Never” to “Very often”, total score 0–80 points, a higher score indicating a higher level of executive dysfunction] [32 (link)]. In the present study, the scoring was made by a family member or close friend, since the assessor had no previous knowledge of the participants. Thus, the DEX ratings made by the significant other are henceforth defined DEX-SO.
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