Genomic DNA was extracted using the Wizard Genomic DNA preparation kit (Promega, Madison, WI). The Staphylococcus protein A (spa) gene was amplified using SpaF (5′-GAACAA-CGTAACGGCTTCATCC-3′) and 1514 R (5′-CAGCAGTAGTGCCGTTTGCCT-3′) as described previously34 (link), 35 (link). spa types were assigned using Ridom StaphType software (Ridom GmbH, Germany). spa typing has been shown to be a robust method and comparable to pulsed field multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) in epidemiological studies36 (link).
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