HPMEC monolayers grown on a 24-well Transwell polycarbonate membrane system (0.4 μM, 6.5 mm insert; Corning) were exposed to 10 μg/mL of DENV-2 NS1 and then treated with different concentrations of FR or FR-S (0.12, 0.06, or 0.03 μg/mL). As positive controls, HPMECs with DENV-2 NS1 were left untreated. As basal controls, HPMECs were left untreated. Trans-Endothelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) was measured using a Volt/Ohm Meter (EVOM2, World Precision Instruments), as described previously (Puerta-Guardo et al., 2016 (link)). Relative TEER was calculated as the ratio between resistance values obtained in the treated conditions and basal controls. For the ZIKV NS1 assay, we tested FR and FR-S on HBMEC monolayers treated with 10 μg/mL ZIKV NS1. HPMECs were chosen for evaluation of DENV-2 NS1 due to leakage in the lung during severe dengue (pleural effusion), while HBMECs were tested with ZIKV NS1 due to brain pathology seen in severe ZIKV infections.
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