ROS levels were measured in VSMCs that had been pre-treated with NoxA1ds (Nox1 inhibitor), GKT137831 (Nox1/4 inhibitor) and 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) (ER stress inhibitor) and stimulated with Ang II. Lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence was used to detect NADPH-dependent superoxide anion (O2-) production in VSMC16 (link). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels were assessed by Amplex Red Hydrogen Peroxide/Peroxidase Assay Kit.