Western blotting was completed as previously described [27 (link)]. Whole cell lysates were generated using RIPA buffer with protease and phosphatase inhibitors (Sigma and ThermoFisher). Briefly, equal amount of protein were resolved via SDS-PAGE on Criterion TGX gels 4–15% (BioRad). Gels were transfered to PVDF membranes and blocked with 5% BSA in PBST. Primary antibodies were incubated overnight at 4°C followed by three washes with PBST. Secondary antibodies (ThermoFisher) were incubated at room temperature for one hour. Gels were imaged using WestFemto ECL (ThermoFisher) and a BioRad ChemiDoc XRS imaging system. Loading controls included either actin (Cell Signaling) or AmidoBlack (Sigma) total protein stain. Primary antibodies include AβPP 6E10 (Biolegend), BACE1 (Abcam), COX41I (Cell Signaling), Calreticulin (Cell Signaling), GAPDH (Cell Signaling), GFAP (Abcam), HDAC (Cell Signaling), MAP2 (Abcam), Nestin (ThermoFisher), S100β (Abcam), and Synaptophysin (Abcam).