1,5-AG (GlycoMark, Winston-Salem, NC) was measured using a Roche Modular P800 system in 2012–2013 in stored serum specimens obtained at ARIC visit 2. The interassay CV was 5%. The reliability coefficient for N = 610 masked duplicate specimen pairs was 0.99. Previous studies have shown this 1,5-AG assay to be highly reliable even in long-term stored samples (8 (link),36 (link)).