Non-parametric Mann–Whitney tests (also known as the Wilcoxon rank-sum test) and Kruskal–Wallis rank-sum tests were used to calculate the p-values and identify significant differences between the two groups of wild rice fed and control mice with an n = 4. These statistical analyses were also used to identify significant differences between time course measurements for each animal group when appropriate. Statistical analyses of fecal microbial composition differences were assessed by non-parametric tests, as described by White et al. 2009 [22 (link)]. The Venn diagrams of OTUs determined from these analyses were generated while using ‘R’ statistics software (version 3.6.1, https://www.r-project.org/ ) ‘Venn Diagram’ package to show the number of common OTUs in feces of control and wild rice diet groups. Data are presented as means and standard deviations, where p-values ≤ 0.05 were deemed to be significantly different based on the degrees of freedom for each sample group. All of the statistical analyses were performed, while using either Microsoft Office Excel (365, Microsoft, Redmond, USA) or the comprehensive ‘R’ Archive Network (CRAN) statistics software (version 3.6.1, https://www.r-project.org/ ), with the ‘PMCMR’ analysis package, using ‘kruskal.test’ and ‘wilcox.test’ functions.
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