The detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), Campylobacter rectus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia (previously T. forsythensis), and Treponema denticola in pooled plaque samples was evaluated by real-time qPCR, as described,20 (link),21 (link) using primers specific for the hypervariable segments of the 16S rRNA genes of each bacterium (Table 1). The percentage of the total flora for each species was calculated by dividing the number of target organisms by the total number of bacteria as determined by qPCR using 16S rRNA primers that reacted with all bacterial species. Data were represented using a patient-based assessment.