The XFe Extracellular Flux Analyzer (Agilent Technologies, Inc.) was used to detect the ECAR and OCR in the present study. The ECAR was detected using an XF Glycolysis Stress Test kit (Agilent Technologies. Inc.), and the OCR was detected using an XF Cell Mito Stress Test kit. A total of 1×104 MG63 and Saos-2 cells were seeded in matched 96-well microplates. Following baseline measurements, 30 mM glucose, 2 µM oligomycin (an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation; Selleck Chemicals) and 10 mM 2-DG (an inhibitor of glycolysis; Selleck Chemicals) were added to each well at the specified time points to detect the ECAR. Similarly, 2 µM oligomycin, 5 µM FCCP (a reversible inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation; Selleck Chemicals) and 1 µM rotenone (an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I; Selleck Chemicals) plus 1 µM antimycin A (an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex III; Selleck Chemicals) were added in the appropriate order to detect the OCR and ECAR according to the operating steps described in a previous study (20 (link)). The data were collected and analyzed using XF-96 Wave software version 2.1 (Agilent Technologies. Inc.). The data were normalized based on the protein concentration.