Venous blood samples were collected after 8 h overnight fasting. Serum ferritin was measured with an immunoradiometric assay using a 1470 WIZARD® automatic gamma counter (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) in the central laboratory. Fasting plasma concentrations of glucose and lipid were measured enzymatically using a Hitachi Automatic Analyzer 7600 (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). Glycated hemoglobin levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with an automated HLC-723G7 analyzer (Tosoh Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Serum creatinine levels were measured colorimetrically (Hitachi Automatic Analyzer 7600) and eGFR was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation [17 (link)]. To obtain the UACR, urinary albumin was measured in spot urine using the immunoturbidimetric method and urinary creatinine was measured using the colorimetric method.
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