HPLC grade methanol and water were purchased from Burdick and Jackson (Muskegon, MI, USA). Formic acid, acetic acid, and lamivudine (3TC) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Emtricitabine (FTC) was obtained through the NIH AIDS Reagent Program. All materials were used without further purification.
Human cervical tissues were obtained from the University of North Carolina Tissue Procurement Facility through UNC IRB #09-0921 with written informed consent and incubated in a solution of 100 µg/mL FTC for 24 hours as previously described30 (link). Mouse liver and hen ovaries were obtained from the NCSU College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Poultry Science, respectively. Animals were managed in accordance with the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research Guide and all husbandry practices were approved by North Carolina State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). All tissues were sectioned into 10-µm thick sections using a Leica CM1950 cryomicrotome (Buffalo Grove, IL, USA) and thaw mounted onto precleaned glass microscope slides or slides uniformly coated with an internal standard31 (link).