Biomass Pretreatment and Conversion

All reagents were analytically pure and were used immediately upon receipt. Glucose (99%), xylose (99%), tetrahydrofuran (99%), pyridine (99%), glutaraldehyde (50%), epichlorohydrin (98%), hexanediamine (99%), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (98%), and p-toluenesulfonic acid (99%) were purchased from Innochem (Shanghai, China). Dichloromethane (99%), lithium bromide (99%), furfural (99%), and phosphoric acid (75 wt%~80 wt%) were purchased from Aladdin^® Chemicals (Shanghai, China); hydrochloric acid (37 wt%), acetone (99%), and ethanol (99%) were purchased from China National Pharmaceutical Group Corporation (Beijing, China). 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was purchased from Bidepharm (Shanghai, China). Eucalyptus and masson pine (40–80 mesh) were provided by Qingshan Paper Co., Ltd. (Sanming, China), and the straw (40–80 mesh) was obtained from the State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials and Green Paper of Qilu University of Technology (Jinan, China).