UC-MSCs were obtained and isolated as previously reported (19 (link),20 (link)). Briefly, umbilical cords were collected from term infants immediately after birth. The cords were rinsed twice in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with 100 units/mL penicillin and streptomycin, and the cord blood vessels were carefully removed. Wharton’s jelly was cut into 1–2 mm3 pieces and resuspended in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM)/F-12 containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (all from Gibco, Life Technologies). After culture for 2 days, the medium containing non-adherent cells was discarded, and the medium was replaced twice a week thereafter. MSCs between passages 4 to 6 were used for subsequent experiments.