Details of the sample collection were described in a previous study [7 (link)]. After a fasting period of 12 h, venous blood specimens were collected and stored at − 70 °C until use in further analysis. Levels of the lipid panel, free fatty acids, a glucose-related panel, serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) assayed via a modified Sanz method, and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) assayed via a latex-agglutination turbidimetric immunoassay were measured by a Hitachi 7600 autoanalyzer (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). Plasma adiponectin concentrations were measured by an enzyme immunoassay [11 (link)], and leptin was measured with a Human Leptin ELISA kit (Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) by SpectraMax190 (Molecular Devices, Shanghai, China).
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