GC-FID and GC-MS Analysis of FAMEs

The qualitative analysis of FAMEs was conducted using GC-FID (Agilent 7890B, Agilent Technologies Canada, Inc., Mississauga, ON, Canada). The optimized instrumental conditions are summarized in Table 3 [43 (link)]. In order to ensure the accurate identification of FAMEs, the GC-mass spectrum of representative samples was recorded using the QP2010 SE GS-MS instrument manufactured by Shimadzu, Japan. This analytical procedure was meticulously executed in conjunction with the GC-FID thermal program. To verify the identity of FAMEs, the mass fragmentation pattern was compared with authentic standards and reference databases, including NIST08S, NIST08, and Wiley9. Together, this comprehensive methodology ensured the attainment of accurate and reliable results in the process of identifying and characterizing FAMEs within the analyzed samples.