LMF (Hi-Q Oligo-Fucoidans®) and HS-Fucox were derived from Sargassum hemiphyllum and prepared by Hi-Q Marine Biotech International Ltd. (New Taipei City, Taiwan). LMF was obtained by enzyme hydrolysis of original fucoidan. The characteristics of LMF-LJ were average molecular weight of 0.8 KDa (92.1%), fucose content 210.9±3.3 µmol/g, and sulfate content 38.9±0.4% (w/w). The extraction method followed the method mentioned before with technological modifications (24 (link)). HS-Fucox is a mixture of brown seaweed extract containing about 10% of fucoxanthin that is coated directly with polysaccharides of its own. It was dissolved in double-distilled H2O (ddH2O) and completely dissolved by stirring at room temperature for 30 min.
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