Western blot analysis was performed on cell and tissue lysates as described.62 (link) Antibodies used in this study were as follows: phospho-STAT3 (Y705) (no. 9145) and STAT3 (no. 4904) from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA), Cyclin D1 (sc-717) from Santa Cruz Biotechnologies (Santa Cruz, CA), β-actin (A1978) from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), and GAPDH (no. 3783) from ProsciΨ (Poway, California, USA).