Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) muscles were excised and analyzed for force-generating capacities in vivo, as previously described [51 (link),52 (link),53 (link)]. Muscles were mounted on a dual-mode muscle lever system (300B-LR; Aurora Scientific Inc., Aurora, ON, Canada) in a 0.38-mL bath filled with Krebs Ringer bicarbonate that was maintained at 25 °C. Contractile characteristics tested included the following: peak twitch force, peak isometric tetanic force, time-to-peak twitch force and twitch half-relaxation time, and the maximal rates of tetanic contraction and relaxation.
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