The H2DCFDA staining assay was performed according to a previously reported method with slight modifications [32 (link)]. The excised leaves were stained with 10 μM H2DCFDA (MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) in 10 mM PBS buffer in the dark for 30 min. Images were captured under an Olympus FV3000 confocal laser scanning microscope (Olympus Corp., Tokyo, Japan) with a 488 nm filter. ROS signals were visualized in the range of 501–550 nm, and chlorophyll autofluorescence was detected in the range of 640–735 nm.
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