Total RNA was isolated from the yolk sacs and livers of mouse embryos using Trizol extraction (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, USA) according to manufacturer’s instructions, as previously described51 (link). Complementary DNA (cDNA) was prepared from 2 µg RNA using Maloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (Life Technologies) and an oligo(dT) primer according to the manufacturer's instructions. PCR was performed on 2 µl cDNA using Taq DNA polymerase (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) in an Eppendorf thermocycler51 (link).
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