Mitochondrial damage was evaluated by a flow cytometry-based assay as previously described24 (link). In brief, macrophages were first primed with LPS, followed by ATP or Nigericin treatment for 30 min, after which the cells were stained with 100 nM MitoTracker Deep Red and 100 nM MitoTracker Green (Cell Signaling Technology) for 15–30 min. The cells were then washed and analyzed on a BD FACSymphony A3 Cell Analyzer. Data analysis was performed using FlowJo version 10 software (Tree Star). Gating strategy for flow cytometric analysis is shown in Supplementary Fig. 4.
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