Physical and family self-concept. These two dimensions of self-concept were measured with the family and physical scales of the AF5 Self-Concept Questionnaire [97 ]. The AF5 is a widely validated questionnaire in samples of adolescents and adults [98 (link),99 ,100 (link)] in several countries, such as Spain [99 ], Portugal [100 (link)], Brazil [101 (link)], Chile [102 ], China [103 (link)], or the United States [104 (link)]. The AF5 theoretical factorial structure (i.e. multidimensional) is invariant across Western and non-Western societies [101 (link),103 (link),104 (link)]. The physical component refers to the individual’s perception of his/her condition and physical appearance (Example item: “I like the way I look). An alpha coefficient of 0.782 was obtained. The family component refers to the individual’s perception of his/her integration, involvement, and participation in the family environment (Example item: “My family would help me with any type of problem”). An alpha coefficient of 0.816 was obtained. Both measures of self-concept, with six items each, use a Likert-type response scale ranging from 1 “Strong disagreement” to 99 “Strong agreement”. Higher scores on both measures indicate a higher sense of family and physical self-concept.
Nervousness. It was measured with the 8 items on the nervousness scale of the Psychosocial Maturity Questionnaire [5 (link),58 (link),105 (link)]. Nervousness refers to the lack of emotional stability and anxiety in situations in everyday life (Example item: “My mood changes easily”). The scale uses a Likert-type response format ranging from 1 “Strongly disagree” to 5 “Strongly agree”. Higher scores on this scale indicate a higher degree of nervousness. An alpha coefficient of 0.778 was obtained.
Empathy. It was measured with the 5 items on the empathy scale of the Psychosocial Maturity Questionnaire [5 (link),58 (link),105 (link)]. Empathy refers to understanding others and considering other views apart from one’s own (Example item: “I am sensitive to others’ feelings and needs”). An alpha coefficient of 0.672 was obtained. The scale uses a Likert-type response format ranging from 1 “Strongly disagree” to 5 “Strongly agree”. High scores on this scale indicate a high degree of empathy.
Internalization of social values. The benevolence values were measured with the 5 benevolence scale items on the Schwartz Value Inventory [89 (link),106 ]. The values of benevolence refer to the care of family relationships and values such as forgiveness (Example item: “Forgiving (Willing to pardon others)”). An alpha coefficient of 0.740 was obtained. The scale uses a Likert-type response format ranging from 1 “Opposed to my values” to 99 “of supreme importance”. Scores on this scale indicate that a high priority is given to benevolence values.
Nervousness. It was measured with the 8 items on the nervousness scale of the Psychosocial Maturity Questionnaire [5 (link),58 (link),105 (link)]. Nervousness refers to the lack of emotional stability and anxiety in situations in everyday life (Example item: “My mood changes easily”). The scale uses a Likert-type response format ranging from 1 “Strongly disagree” to 5 “Strongly agree”. Higher scores on this scale indicate a higher degree of nervousness. An alpha coefficient of 0.778 was obtained.
Empathy. It was measured with the 5 items on the empathy scale of the Psychosocial Maturity Questionnaire [5 (link),58 (link),105 (link)]. Empathy refers to understanding others and considering other views apart from one’s own (Example item: “I am sensitive to others’ feelings and needs”). An alpha coefficient of 0.672 was obtained. The scale uses a Likert-type response format ranging from 1 “Strongly disagree” to 5 “Strongly agree”. High scores on this scale indicate a high degree of empathy.
Internalization of social values. The benevolence values were measured with the 5 benevolence scale items on the Schwartz Value Inventory [89 (link),106 ]. The values of benevolence refer to the care of family relationships and values such as forgiveness (Example item: “Forgiving (Willing to pardon others)”). An alpha coefficient of 0.740 was obtained. The scale uses a Likert-type response format ranging from 1 “Opposed to my values” to 99 “of supreme importance”. Scores on this scale indicate that a high priority is given to benevolence values.
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