The Live/Dead Assay Kit (Molecular Probes, Leiden, The Netherlands) was used to examine the viability of rMSCs cultured on a 35-mm dish with the addition of DecBM particles, as instructed by the company protocol. Cell viability was assessed under a fluorescence microscope, as calcein is detected as green fluorescence in live cells and ethidium homodimer-1 (EthD-1) is detected as red fluorescence in dead cells.
Plating of rMSCs with and without DecBM particles was done in 12-well plates at a density of 50,000 cells per well. The proliferation of the rMSCs in growth media was conducted using the MTS (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3 carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) Cell Proliferation Assay Kit (Promega Co., Madison, WI, USA) via the company’s instructions. MTS was reacted with cells at 37°C for 1 h. After transferring the solution into a 96-well plate, the absorbance was measured on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 at 490 nm using a plate reader (BioRad, Hercules, CA, USA).11 (link)