The application of these two methods to cells was as previously described 14 (link),15 (link). Briefly, cells transferred onto glass slides were washed with PBST (PBS + 0.05% Tween 20) 3 times and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 15 min. Cells are blocked with normal serum or 5% bovine serum albumin for 1 h, and then incubated with an appropriate dilution of primary antibodies at 4 °C overnight. After three washes with PBST for 15 min, cells are incubated for 1 h with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody at room temperature. Cells are then developed with chromogen (DAB) for 5–10 min at room temperature after three washes are counterstained with hematoxylin. The slides are dehydrated and mounted with liquid mounting media. For immunofluorescence detection, cells are processed with the same procedure as above but incubated for 1 h with fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibodies (usually diluted 1:400) instead and covered with mounting medium with 4’−6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). All stained slides are examined and photographed using a Nikon fluorescence microscope (Nikon Eclipse Ni, Tokyo, Japan) with a Wide Zoom Camera.