Twenty-eight ESCC samples was immunohistochemically stained by the Envision method. The sections (5 µm thick) were deparaffinized, rehydrated with graded concentrations of ethanol, and incubated with 3% H2O2 for 15 min. The sections were then incubated with the primary antibody (rabbit anti-human CHFR monoclonal antibodies, BS-4272R, Bioss, Beijing, China; mouse anti-human p16 monoclonal antibodies, ZM-0205, Zsbio, Beijing, China), followed by incubation with secondary antibodies (anti-mouse/rabbit, PV-6000, Zsbio, Beijing, China) for 15 min at room temperature and DAB reagent (ZLI-9018, Zsbio, Beijing, China).The sections were then counterstained with hematoxylin, dehydrated. CHFR, and CDKN2A (p16) staining were scored for nuclear and cytoplasmic staining based on intensity and percentage of cells stained (25 (link),26 (link)).