Included patients were participants in The Corona São Caetano Program, a primary care initiative offering COVID-19 care to all residents of São Caetano do Sul, Brazil [8] . Sixty participants who were positive for the SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain (Group 1) and 49 participants who were positive for the Gamma variant (Group 2) were enrolled in this study. All had a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR analysis of nasopharyngeal swabs (QIAamp viral RNA kit and RealStar® SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Kit 1.0, developed by Altona Diagnostics).
Complete viral genomes in all samples were generated using the MinION sequencing platform (Oxford Nanopore Technologies, ONT, UK) as previously described [9] (link). All sequenced samples were classified as belonging to either the ancestral lineage or to the Gamma variant [10] .
All samples from participants in Group 1 were collected between May 4 and May 16, 2020, (months before the first recorded infections associated with the Gamma lineage in Brazil and months before any SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were available). Samples from participants in Group 2 were collected between April 12th and June 25th, 2021, and none of them received a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine before inclusion in the study. After obtaining written informed consent, peripheral blood for serological analysis was collected from each participant.
Complete viral genomes in all samples were generated using the MinION sequencing platform (Oxford Nanopore Technologies, ONT, UK) as previously described [9] (link). All sequenced samples were classified as belonging to either the ancestral lineage or to the Gamma variant [10] .
All samples from participants in Group 1 were collected between May 4 and May 16, 2020, (months before the first recorded infections associated with the Gamma lineage in Brazil and months before any SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were available). Samples from participants in Group 2 were collected between April 12th and June 25th, 2021, and none of them received a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine before inclusion in the study. After obtaining written informed consent, peripheral blood for serological analysis was collected from each participant.
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