Total and phosphorylated protein expression levels of target genes were analyzed by Western blotting as previously described (11 (link), 15 (link), 16 (link)). The primary antibodies used in the experiment included anti-BMP2 (catalog no. A0231; Abclonal, Wuhan, China), anti-EKR1 (catalog no. 16443-1-AP; Proteintech, Wuhan, China), anti-phosphorylated EKR1 (catalog no. AP0234; Abclonal, Wuhan, China) and anti β-tubulin (catalog no. HX1829; Huaxingbio, Beijing, China). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit (catalog no. HX2030; Huaxingbio, Beijing, China) and goat anti-mouse (catalog no. HX2032; Huaxingbio, Beijing, China) were used as secondary antibodies. The membranes were then visualized using the ECL system (Tanon, Shanghai, China).
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