To characterize the binding of WT TRAIL and TRAIL mutants to heparin, 100 μg of purified WT or mutant TRAIL was applied to a 1 ml HiTrap heparin–Sepharose column (Cytiva Lifesciences) and eluted with a salt gradient from 150 mM to 1 M NaCl at pH 7.1 in 25 mM HEPES buffer. The conductivity measurements at the peak of the elution were converted to the concentration of NaCl based on a standard curve.
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