Whole cell lysates and western blotting were performed as described previously 9 (link). Antibodies against CD105 (ab169545, 1:1000), Smad2 (ab40855, 1:2000), pSmad3 (ab52903, 1:1000) were purchased from Abcam. An antibody against BMP9 (sc514211, 1:500) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (USA). Antibodies against Smad1 (6944, 1:1000), pSmad1/5/8 (13820, 1:1000), and pSmad2 (3108, 1:1000) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. Antibodies against Smad3 (YM3417, 1:2000), GAPDH (YM3029, 1:20000), and β-tubulin (YM3030, 1:5000) were purchased from ImmunoWay Biotechnology.
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