Tissues were collected following local ethical committee approval (EKNZ-2015305, University Hospital Basel). After obtaining informed consent from all donors, human nasal septal cartilage tissue was harvested from the patients undergoing rhinoplasty (total n = 6, Supplmentary Table S1). NP tissue was acquired from donors undergoing surgery for DDD. Harvested NP tissues were graded using Pfirrmann scale (Urrutia et al., 2016 (link)). NP tissues with Pfirrmann grade 2–3 (mild/moderate degeneration) were used in this study (total n = 6, Supplementary Table S2). NC and NP cells were isolated after digestion in collagenase type II (0.15% for NC; 0.05% for NP cells for 22 h), and expanded in NC and NP expansion medium respectively (composition in Supplementary Material) up to passage 3.
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